ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I. SUMMARY

• The Role and Responsibilities of the International Oil Companies
• The Oil Industry and the Oil Producing Communities
• Protest and Repression in the Oil Producing Communities
• The Role of Shell in the Ogoni Crisis
• Attempts to Import Weapons
• Threats to Community Members
• Oil Company Failure to Monitor or Protest Abuses
• Shell’s Internal Review Since 1995
• Conclusion

II. RECOMMENDATIONS

• To the Nigerian Government
• To the International Oil Companies Operating in Nigeria
• To the International Community

III. OIL AND NATURAL GAS IN NIGERIA

• Crude Oil
• The Structure of Oil Company Agreements with the Nigerian Government
• Natural Gas
• The Downstream Sector

IV. OIL WEALTH AND THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION

• State Creation and Revenue Allocation

V. THE ENVIRONMENT

• The Framework of Nigerian Law on Oil and the Environment
• The Impact of Oil Operations on the Environment
• Oil Spills and Hydrocarbon Pollution
• Infrastructure Development
• Gas Flaring
• Compensation for Land Expropriation
• Compensation for Oil Spills
• Sabotage
• The Niger Delta Environmental Survey

VI. OIL COMPANIES AND THE OIL PRODUCING COMMUNITIES

• Minorities in the Oil Producing Regions
• Social and Economic Conditions in the Oil Producing Communities Today
• Oil Company Relations with the Oil Producing Communities
• Employment
• Development Projects
• The Effect of the Oil Economy on Community Politics
• The Warri Crisis

VII. SECURITY

• Security Arrangements for Oil Facilities
• Special Task Forces

VIII. PROTEST AND REPRESSION IN THE NIGER DELTA

• Umuechem
• The Ogoni Crisis
• Attempts to Duplicate the MOSOP Protests
• Targeting of Community Leaders and Environmental Whistle-blowers
• Day-to-day Protest and Repression in the Oil Producing Communities
• Suppression of Demands for Compensation:
• Damages, Development Projects, and Employment
• Other Abuses Resulting from Oil Company Security
• Litigation

IX. THE ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL OIL COMPANIES

• Corporate Responsibility in Nigeria
• The Role of Shell in the Ogoni Crisis
• Attempts to Import Weapons
• Threats to Communities
• Oil Company Calls for Security Force Assistance
• Oil Company Failure to Monitor and Protest Abuses
• Shell’s Internal Review Since 1995

X. INTERNATIONAL LAW

XI. THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

• The Commonwealth
• The United Nations and International Labour Organization
• The African Commission
• The European Union and its Member States
• The United States
• Codes of Conduct for Business

XII. CONCLUSION

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